Annabel Poe And The Tell Tale Heart - 1598 Words

Poe was born in Boston in the year of 1809. Both of his parents passed away before he turned three years old. He was raised by his foster parents, Frances Keeling Valentine and John Allan (â€Å"Annabel†). Poe’s new life was a bumpy ride, â€Å"Allan never legally adopted Poe, and their relationship became a stormy one as Poe reached his teenage years† (â€Å"Tell-Tale†). Poe had a passion to be a writer but Allan had a different path in mind for him. However, Poe ended up taking his own route, which caused trouble for him throughout his life. He was a poet during pre-civil war America and is known for his dark style of writing (Bolden). Throughout Poe’s life, â€Å"Edgar had experienced tragedy and loss that would forever haunt him, laying the groundwork for†¦show more content†¦Poe experienced many deaths of his loved ones and it is hard for him to grasp the reasoning for this so he gives explanation through his writing, â€Å"Poe loved women who died, often violently, diseased† (Smith). Virginia was thirteen years old when she married Poe and the line , â€Å"She was a child and I was a child†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows that Annabel was also a child when the narrator loved her. In the poem, the narrator says that Annabel Lee died because the angels envied their love and so they sent a wind to kill her (Poe, â€Å"Annabel†). Poe used the wind as a symbol for the disease that killed Virginia in real life, â€Å"Readers are not given a physical, medical explanation for her death, other than that a ‘chill’ came down upon her, because in his mind mere physics would be too simple to destroy a grand love like the one he remembers† (â€Å"Annabel†). Poe uses the words, â€Å"...many and many a year ago†, showing that the event took place in the past. Virginia qualifies as a resemblance for Annabel Lee because Virginia died in the year 1847 and the poem was published in 1849. Altho ugh most believe that Annabel Lee resembles Virginia the most, there are others partners of Poe’s that could be his inspiration for the poem, â€Å"Poe’s earliest romance was cut short when the girl’s family refused to let them see eachother† (Peltak 13). In â€Å"Annabel Lee†, the narrator is kept away from his love, â€Å"So that her highborn kinsmen came/ And bore her away from me,/ ToShow MoreRelatedWhy Should We Care?1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Should We Care?: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Few creatures of the night have captured [reader’s] imagination[s] like [Edgar Allan Poe]† (â€Å"Vampires†). Poe has fascinated the literary world since he first became known for writing in 1829, when he was just twenty years old (Chronology†). While he is widely known for exploring the macabre, his work is controversial because of its psychologically disturbing nature. Edgar Allan Poe is worth examining as an author because his many contributions to the literaryRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe: Signature of a Genius Essay868 Words   |  4 Pageswrite, we reveal a part of ourselves. We reveal our mind. We reveal our thoughts. If it is possible to exist, then it is possible to write, because writing is thinking, and thoughts are existence. This especially holds true to the mind of Edgar Allan Poe, who through writing time and time again about his love and loss through both poetry and general prose, generates the story of his life. In these pieces, not only does he create original plots, but deep within the fabric of these plots springs a backgroundRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven 1514 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is a very well known writer who specifically liked to write poetry and short stories whose genres included mystery and horror. He’s well known for some of his most popular works such as The Raven, The Tell-Tale Heart, and Annabel Lee. Edgar Allan Poe has written many different pieces of literary work that make him unique from the rest. His literary works evoke deep thoughts and imagery. Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts but mostly lived in Richmond, Virginia. Poe wrote his firstRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe896 Words   |  4 PagesWhat a tragedy and relieve it is that Death can lure and heist away the hearts of our love ones and eradicate the individuals we despise. Differences in love and hate is what separates one’s consuming devotion and/or fueled distaste towards others. Whether we come to love someone or grow to loathe them exceptionally, Death will inevitably seduce them away into the fading night—of that is certain—often leaving individuals mourning or with a sense of release. Life and Death have been in love sinceRead MoreEssay On The Tell Tale Heart815 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity†. A quote from one of Edgar Allan Poe’s more famous stories The Tell Tale Heart. Edgar Allan Poe’s writing is still famous to this day. Not only his writing but his life. He is known for having a difficult life and writing about it in a not so obvious way. Through all his poems and short stories there are little hints everywhere that relate to his life. Depression, insanity and Tuberculosis were all common topics from Poe’s writing that relatedRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s `` The Famous American Poet ``1086 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe, the famous American poet, short-story writer, and critic is best known for his bizarre but transformative horror stories, and for creating genres including detective fiction. The life of Edgar Allan Poe was filled with tragedies and was very depressing; because of this, he was inspired to write such dark stories. He wrote time and time again about his love and his loss. His work collectively illustrates the story of his life. Although he did create original storylines in his workRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : The Father Of Gothic Literature1393 Words   |  6 Pages2017 Edgar Allan Poe Studies say that Edgar Allan Poe was the father of gothic literature. As an American writer and critic, he went through the struggles of living in poverty, having a drinking and gambling problem, and being judge based on his decisions. He was best known as an author of gothic fiction. He had a life of misfortune and indigence. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19,1809 in Boston, Massachusetts to two striving actors, David Poe Jr. and Elizabeth Arnold Poe. Some studies sayRead MoreLolita And The Dark Tower1384 Words   |  6 PagesHumbert, in particular, life really does imitate art. Art also imitates life. Nabokov created the character of Humbert in the image of Edgar Allan Poe. Humbert’s life as a character closely resembles Poe’s literary works of art, and Nabokov’s art, the character of Humbert in Lolita, bears an interesting resemblance to Poe’s true life. Edgar Allan Poe married his aunt’s daughter Virginia, who at age thirteen was seven years his junior. Poe’s aunt also happened to be his landlady at the time (Lepore)Read MoreEdgar Allen Poe s Tales Of Terror And The Raven Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poe s Tales of Terror and The Raven The film of chosen I decided upon was Edgar Allen Poe s Tales of Terror, and the reading I choose was Edgar Allen Poe s famous The Raven. Both the film and the writing included a common theme of death and tragedy. The film was separated into three different tales, while all three-tales had a very different story line they all included the common theme I stated above. In the film, I also concluded that for each action there was a reaction, meaningRead MoreAnalysis Of Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1266 Words   |  6 Pagesshort stories and poems. E.A. Poe seems to change his mood in his texts, â€Å"Annabel Lee†, â€Å"The Raven†, and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†. There is always a twist towards the end when it comes to Poe’s poems and short stories. These three texts have similar plot twists which their beginnings are lovely and calm while their endings being tortured and dreary. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, it is about a man who is crazy over a perso n with a vulture eye, while in â€Å"The Raven† and in â€Å"Annabel Lee†, a man is crazy over their

Critical Analysis of Iagos Soliloquy in Act 2 Scene 3 of...

Critical Analysis of Iagos Soliloquy in Act 2 Scene 3 of Othello by William Shakespeare Iago’s second soliloquy is very revealing. It shows him shaping a plan out of the confusion of his emotionally charged thoughts. Iago examines his own thoughts, especially his hatred for Othello: â€Å"The Moor, howbeit that I endure him not† He is also suffering from the â€Å"poisonous mineral† of jealousy that still swirls around the rumour that Othello has slept with Emilia. Iago could get his revenge by seducing Desdemona: â€Å"Now I do love her too †¦ But partly led to diet my revenge, for that I do suspect the lusty Moor Hath leaped into my seat, the thought whereof doth like a poisonous mineral gnaw my inwards†.†¦show more content†¦At the same time, his statements about what motivates him are hazy and confusing. Is he motivated by lust for Desdemona, envy of Cassio, or jealousy over his wife’s supposed affair with Othello? He even suggests that Cassio might also have slept with his wife. It is as though Iago mocks the audie nce for attempting to determine his motives; he treats the audience as he does Othello and Roderigo, leading his listeners â€Å"by th’ nose as asses are [led]†. For each of Iago’s actions within the play, he creates a momentary and unimportant justification possibly to please the audience. The fifth (and last) appearance of love in Iagos soliloquy is most surprising. He will report Cassios designs toward Othellos wife to Othello so that the Moor will thank me, love me, and reward me. While some people see in Iagos plan to bring down Othello, his bitterness at Othellos rejecting him not only for a promotion but also sexually, I think that love in a non-sexual sense is even more powerful. The fact is that Iago loved Desdemona, not just out of absolute lust. He probably envisioned some sort of three-way love relationship among Desdemona, Othello and Iago. When he didnt receive the promotion, Iago knew that the love he had envisioned was also impossible to attain. Iagos

Macbeth and Jack Free Essays

Hunger for power in Macbeth and Jack Hunger for power is often the driving force in one’s life. While hunger for power is an indispensible trait for all leaders, it can also remove one’s ability to control emotions, desires, and greed until that person is devoured by it. Jack, from Lord of the Flies and Macbeth, from Macbeth serves as the primary example of this, as they are eventually driven to their own demise by ambition in a negative way, murder, and betrayal of friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth and Jack or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, Jack and Macbeth show that hunger for power leads to ones downfall. In both Macbeth and jack, ambition play’s a major role because it is the start or the beginning of their downfall. Ambition has not yet overwhelmed the minds of Macbeth, He is uncanny depiction of a noble general, saving his country form domination and tyranny, but as the character progresses in the plot, the inhabitance is parallel in that he receive prestigious rankings amongst the society and in essence, his lives is ideal. Macbeth receives titles of nobility and influence as Thane of Glamis and is recently appointed Thane of Cawdor. (Shakespeare I. 3. ). With a great quantity of control being eceived, Macbeth devours the power as if it were a precious jewel. But Evil seep’s through him, diminishing the moral code in the name of attaining his esteemed goals. Macbeth, seconds after hearing his new appointment states, â€Å" If good, why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock at my ribs, against the use of nature? Present fears are less than horrible imaginings; my thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical,† (Shakespeare. I. 3. ) Ambition has driven evil spirits, which will not die until his dreams are accomplished. With the seed of power and ambition implemented into his mind, the plant grows out of control until conscience is completely drained out. Similarly, Jack isn’t ambitious in the beginning. He is introduced to the reader in a â€Å"holy† aura with the description of his choir; â€Å"Their bodies, from throat to ankle, were hidden by black cloaks which bore a long silver cross on the left breast† (Golding 21) Conveying religion into Jack’s first emergence shows the likely innocence encompassed in the boy’s life prior to crashing on the island. As the character progresses in the plot, just as Macbeth, Jack also receive prestigious rankings amongst the society or in the island. Jack is appointed Leader of the hunters, the only high rank besides Ralph, who was chosen leader. (Golding 24-25). This gives Jack important stature as he controls a certain portion of the boys inhibited in the island. As he holds substantial power over some aspect of civilization. Evil also seep’s through his mind, which therefore diminishes his moral code in the name of attaining his esteemed goal. But Jack states his feelings in different ways. Jack although less apparent, also show his attentions to overtake all leadership. His constant disagreement with Ralph exhibits no respect and shows his aspirations of taking total command. Instead of looking over the fire, Jack deliberately disobeys the order made by Ralph and goes out hunting instead. (Golding 77). This shows how Jack’s ambitiousness is trying to make a dispute with Ralph so that he can prove Ralph as a not good leader and then became the next leader. Therefore this also shows how Macbeths and jacks ambition can disrupt a peaceful society. Betrayal of friends plays an important part in both Macbeth and Jack because that’s when he change of power occurs of them leading in to their downfall. In Macbeth the earliest example of betrayal serving as a impetus in power change is when Macbeth is rewarded for his loyalty to the king while the Thane of Cawdor is stripped of his title because of his betrayal. Both Banquo and Macbeth are slightly disturbed by the witches prediction because they are afraid that it will trick them into betraying the king. But because Macbeth was very ambitious and couldn’t control himself. Macbeth begins to plan his treachery against Duncan as soon as he sees that Malcolm stands in the way of Macbeth gaining the throne. I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise† (Shakespeare II, 2, 56). The betrayal against Duncan is complete when Macbeth murders him. Now Macbeth must frame the guards and try to cover up his crime, which can only lead to more murder. Banquo is a general in the King’s army (same as Macbeth) and is often seen in contrast to Macbeth. Banquo is the only one with Macbeth when he hears the first prophecy of the weird sisters; during the same prophecy, Banquo is told that his children will be kings, though he will not be. Banquo knows of Macbeth and his quest for power. He is the one that tells Macbeth that the instruments of darkness only cause harm and betrayal. Macbeth makes this statement true by betraying Banquo whom he once trusted. â€Å" Thou hast it now: king, cowdor, glamis, all, As the weird women promis’d; and, I fear, thou play’dst most foully for’t†(Shakespeare III. 1. 76). Banquo suspected Macbeth’s guilt and out of fear of being caught Macbeth sends out two murderers to kill Banquo. Macbeth is guilty of betrayal, but he doesn’t commit the act himself which shows how weak he really is. Macbeth is numb from all the events, which are causing his downfall. Just like how Macbeth betrayed his friends, Jack also betrays his friends in a different manner. The strong-willed, egomaniacal Jack is the novel’s primary representative of the instinct of savagery, violence, and the desire for power. He is a person who just gives out demands, and expects the group to answer him. Jacks main aim of the assemblies in the novel are to first become chief â€Å"simple arrogance†, â€Å"I ought to be chief†(Golding 29) Jack believes that no-one else has the right to control him, and he should be in control of everyone. But unfortunately Jack lost the vote to be chief and that’s when jack begins to betray his friends. He changes his image from a choirboy to a furtive hunter. Jack couldn’t follow Ralph’s(the chief) rulers so Jack calls for am assembly and insults Ralph by saying â€Å"He isn’t perfect and we don’t know anything about him. He just gives orders and expects people to obey for nothing. †(Golding 126). Jack betrays his chief Ralph and makes a new group. After Jack formed a new group he mostly influenced them in being a hunter and to always kill things and because of that Jack betrays Simon, who’s another friend of his. During Jacks party Simon went to examine the beast at the mountain. When Simon found out there wasn’t a beast and only a dead man in there, he came running towards Jack party to tell them. But Jack and his group thought it was the beast that was coming towards them so they killed it. â€Å"Simon was crying out something about a dead man on a hill. † (Golding 152). Therefore this portrays that hunger for power can lead one to betrayal of friends. In the world today people have certain goals that they set for themselves to achieve in their lifetime. Most people try to obtain these goals by hard work and to just keep on trying until they finally get what they want. In the case of Macbeth and Jack however they try to obtain their goals through violence and murder. At first Macbeth is a loyal and brave soldier and serves his king Duncan. Because of Macbeth’s loyalty to Duncan he is named the Thane of Cawdor. After Macbeth hears the prophecies about himself and becoming king, which he has always wanted, the thought of murder starts coming into his mind. Instead of just staying a loyal and brave soldier and waiting to see if he will be named king, Macbeth tries to obtain his goal in a different way. The thoughts of murder tarts getting greater and Macbeth questions whether or not he should but Lady Macbeth tries to talk Macbeth into killing Duncan so that they can both get what they want. So now instead of obtaining his goal of becoming king by just waiting he gets it by murdering Duncan. â€Å"I have done the deed†(Shakespeare. II. 2. 56). The initial thought of murder starts when Macbeth receives the three prophecies from the witches about him becoming king. Macbeth has some of the same thoughts of the murder as Lady Macbeth does, but he also has some different opinions. Macbeth obviously wants to kill Duncan ecause he is the one who first came up with the plan of the murder, but Macbeth also doesn’t want to commit the murder because Duncan is humble and Macbeth is a loyal kinsman. Macbeth kills the king to secure the kingship, but immediately it becomes clear that the only way to hide the murder is to keep murdering. Macbeth hasn’t even settled in the new palace before Macbeth has already found two murders to murder Banquo and his son. Because after Macbeth becomes king Banqou says â€Å" Thou hast it now: king, cowdor, glamis, all, As the weird women promis’d; and, I fear, thou play’dst most foully for’t† (Shakespeare III. 1. 6). Banquo suspected Macbeth’s guilt and out of fear of being caught Macbeth sends out two murderers to kill Banquo. And so therefore hunger for power lead Macbeth in murdering both his king and friend. Similarly, Jack was a choir leader and wasn’t a violent person in the beginning. Jack as already mentioned is a person who just gives out demands, and expects the group to answer him. Jack believes that no one else has the right to control him, and he should be in control of everyone. One of the first murders that took place in the island was the murder of Simon. It was a dark scary night. Nothing could be clearly seen. Loud thunder roared as thick drops of rain fell on the ground. Nothing could be heard but the sound of thunder. Jacks group of agitated and aggressive boys danced with fear and excitement. Since Jack has become so obsessed with hunting, all he could think about mostly was killing. Because while dancing he repeatedly kept saying â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood! † (Golding 152). And because he build up that mood of violence in himself and his group, when they saw something crawling out of the forest, and was coming towards them, they all thought it was the beast and killed it without even making sure. Simon was crying out something about a dead man on a hill. † (Golding 152). It is was Simon that they killed not the beast. Jack is responsible for Simon murder because he misleaded the his group in thinking it was the beast. Jack is also responsible for the murder of Piggy, an overweight asthmatic boy about 8 years in age, who cannot see without his glasses represents physical weakness and mental strength. His glasses, however, help illustrate his intellectual strength, his ability to think situations over logically and use reason, rather than emotions to decide upon important dilemmas. Because piggy was always in Ralph’s side, Jack didn’t treat piggy well he was always made fun of. Jack knew piggy had vision problem and that he couldn’t see without glasses. But Jack still stole the glasses of piggy’s face, for him to build fire. Because of Jack influence in the group most of them want to be like him so when Piggy and Ralph comes to ask for piggy’s glasses back, Ralph and Jack fight for a second time. Piggy cries out shrilly, struggling to make himself heard over the brawl. As Piggy tries to speak, hoping to remind the group of the importance of rules and rescue, â€Å" high over-head, oger, with a sense of delirious abandonment leaned all his weight on the lever† (Golding 180). Roger shoves a massive rock down the mountainside. Ralph, who hears the rock falling, dives and dodges it. But the boulder strikes Piggy, shatters the conch shell he is holding, and knocks him off the mountainside to his death on the rocks below. Jack throws his spear at Ralph, and the other boys quickly join in. Just like Macbeth even Jack is fully covered with evil he wanted to also kill Ralph at the end but he couldn’t. Jack estroyed the island by burning it, hunger for power lead him into a total failure. He couldn’t lead the group in a peaceful manner. As seen in Macbeth and Jack hunger for power is the driving force in one’s life. They couldn’t control emotions, desires, and greed until they were devoured by it. An important lesson that can be learned from Macbeth and Jack is that Ambition has driven evil spirits, which will not die until ones dreams are accomplished. And to get through that dream it will lead one into betraying their friends, and murdering. Therefore hunger for power leads to ones downfall. How to cite Macbeth and Jack, Essay examples

Exploratory Analysis Based Global Reporting -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Exploratory Analysis Based Global Reporting? Answer: Introduction The main aim of this report is to analyze and evaluate various aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) In Kingfisher Airlines. In todays business world, business organizations all over the world use to provide great regards on different aspects of CSR activities. CSR refers to the form of the integration of corporate self-governance into the business model (Tai and Chuang 2014). In the current business situation, the success of the business organizations largely depends on the undertaken CSR activities of the business organizations. Thus, it has become the responsibility of the business organizations to provide the details about their different CSR activities (Suliman, Al-Khatib and Thomas 2016). The same aspect is also applicable for the business operations of Kingfisher Airlines, as the company has also taken many initiatives as a part of their CSR activities. The first part of the report shows the definition of CSR. After that, this report shades light on the CSR related issues and initiatives of Kingfisher Airlines along with the financial position of the company at that time. The next part of this report provides a suggestions to Kingfisher Airlines about the implantation of one of the CSR reporting framework. The next part of the report establishes a connection between one of major stakeholders related theories with the selected article on Kingfisher Airlines. The next part focuses on the analysis of the selected theory. Lastly, conclusion and recommendations are provided based on the whole discussion of CSR reporting of Kingfisher Airlines. Definition of CSR Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to a particular business approach that hugely contributes towards the sustainable development of the business organizations by delivering their stakeholders with various economic, social and environmental benefits (Carroll 2015). With the help of CSR reporting, business organizations gain more awareness about the impact of their business operations on the society, environment and their stakeholders. CSR is considered as a broad concept that deals with various aspects like human right, corporate governance, health and safety of the employees, contamination of environment, working condition within the organizations, contribution towards the economic development of the countries and many others (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). Article Analysis It needs to be mentioned that Kingfisher Airlines is well-known for the undertaking of various CSR activities for the welfare of their stakeholders, community and environment. At the same time, it needs to be mentioned that the company has to face major issues related with the violation of the code of conducts of activities (Crane, Matten and Spence 2013). From different sources, it can be seen that the company has undertaken some of the major initiatives as a part of their CSR activities. First, the company has taken various activities for the welfare of the people of the local community. Second, the company has established various healthcare units in all over the country for taking care of the health of the people of community. Third, Kingfisher Airlines founded Vittal Mallya Scientific Research Foundation that has been completely involved in the mission called Science for Humanity. Apart from this, Kingfisher Airlines has introduced numerous other initiatives as a part of their CS R activities. However, the article named United Spirits Limited a Case of Corporate Governance Failure? by India CSR Network indicates towards the violation of the major principle of CSR by Kingfisher Airlines and their parent company United Spirit Limited (USL) (indiacsr.in 2018). As per the selected article, it can be observed that in spite of the weak financial position of Kingfisher Airlines, USL provided the company with a huge amount of loan. There is nothing unusual as the parent companies have the right to provide financial support to their group companies (indiacsr.in 2018). However, the main CSR related issue in this case is that both Kingfisher Airlines and USL have carried on this transaction in an illicit manner in order to camouflage the financial position both the companies. Under the principles of CSR, this action has violated the CSR principle, as it is an indication of bad governance. For this reason, this particular aspect has violated the principles of transpare ncy and integrity. Most importantly, it needs to be mentioned that this action of Kingfisher Airlines affected the financial position of the company in a bad manner as the financial position of the company deteriorated. Decrease in gross margin can be seen at that that as the gross margin became -121.8% from 21.1%. Massive fall can be seen in the net margin that is the net margin became -859.9% from -63.8% (indiacsr.in 2018). Thus, it can be observed that violation of CSR principle had a fatal effect on the financial position of Kingfisher Airlines. Reporting Framework From the above discussion, it can be observed that Kingfisher Airlines has been facing major issues related with their CSR activities and reporting. For this reason, it is required for the company to carry on their CSR activities in an appropriate way and it is the responsibility of the company to report their various CSR activities in an effective manner (Fernandez-Feijoo, Romero and Ruiz 2014). It can be seen that there are many frameworks available for the effective reporting of CSR activities of the companies. Based on the problems faced by Kingfisher Airlines, it can be suggested that the company need to adopt the strategy of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Framework as GRI Framework is an effective tool for the business organization for the understanding and communication of several CSR related issues like climate change, corporate governance, human rights, corruption and many others (globalreporting.org 2018). The main intention of GRI is to service as a form of generally accepted principles for the reporting of various aspects like social, environmental and economic performance of the companies; and organizations of different size, sector or location can use it (Toppin et al. 2012). Thus, there will not be any problem for Kingfisher Airlines in using it. One of the major components of GRI is the Sustainability Reporting Guideline that includes the principles for the definition of the content of the report so that the quality of the report can be ensured. This aspect includes the disclosure of standards for the performance indicators and other items for disclosure. It also provides in the reporting of certain technical items like the concept of fair value measurement of the assets of the company and others. The next major item in GRI is the Indicator Protocols. The existence of indicator protocols can be seen for measuring the performance of each performance indicators (Fonseca, McAllister and Fitzpatrick 2014). All these protocols have major importance providing definition, guidance for compilation and other important information for ensuring the consistency of performance indicators interpretation. The next major component of GRI is the Sector Supplements. This particular aspect provides guidelines for the implementation of the principle of GRI in the CSR reports. In this aspect, it is required for Kingfisher Airlines to use applicable sector supplements for the interpretation of various aspects of CSR report (Arena and Azzone 2012). The last component of GRI is Technical Protocols that provide guidance for the issue of CSR reports and to sets the boundary of the report. Most importantly, it needs to be mentioned that these protocols play an integral part in solving the issues related to CSR reporting in the companies. Thus, the above discussion shows that the adoption of GRI will provide great help to the CSR reporting of Kingfisher Airlines. Stakeholder Theory In the recent business environment, business organizations use to provide the stakeholders with huge importance as the success of the business organizations largely depends on the relation of the companies with their stakeholders. There is not any exception of this fact in case of Kingfisher Airlines. Many authors provide various theories for the stakeholders of the companies. One of such important theories is the Stakeholder Theory as large adoption of this theory can be seen among the companies (Mainardes, Raposo and Alves 2012). According to the stakeholders theory, the main purpose of the business organizations is to create value for their stakeholders as much as possible. In addition, according to this theory, in order to be successful and sustainable for a long time, it is required for the company executives to consider and keep the interest of their customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and others (Gibson 2012). The developer of this theory, R. Edward Free man has provided the argument that it is not the responsibility of the organizational managers to consider answer to the shareholders. Moreover, it is the responsibility of the shareholders and the stakeholders to take into consideration any group or individual that can affect their interests in the organization or their interests can be affected by the achievement of the goals and objectives of the firm. Thus, it can be observed that stakeholder theory is an important part for the stakeholders of the companies. Many authors all over the world have provided many positive arguments in favor of the stakeholder theory. One of the major functions of stakeholder theory is the identification of proper objectives for the business operations. At the same time, the stakeholder theory take into consideration the major ethical as well as economic issues related with the CSR of the companies and to present them in the most effective manner (Marshall and Ramsay 2012). All these aspects make the executives in operating the business organization in such a manner so that they can be beneficial for the stakeholders of the companies. In this aspect, it needs to be mentioned that the business organizations cannot ensure their survival by only from the contribution of the shareholders as they need equal contribution from other stakeholders like customers, employees, suppliers and others (Anikina and Chekalkina 2014). For this reason, it is required for the company executives to provide importance in the interes t of their other stakeholders as major investment as this particular aspect has major impact on the financial and sustainable performance of the business organizations. For this reason, providing importance and keeping the interest of the stakeholders is an important aspect in increasing the overall wealth of the organizations. Hence, it is required for all the business organizations to take into consideration the interest of their stakeholders. Analysis based on Stakeholders Theory It can be seen that the stakeholders theory is concerned with the financial well beings of the stakeholders in the companies. From the selected article on the CSR practice of Kingfisher Airlines, it can be seen that the company has taken loan from USL and both of them have done this transaction in an illicit manner for manipulating the financial position of the companies (indiacsr.in 2018). Thus, by applying the stakeholder theory in this situation, it can be observed that the management of Kingfisher Airlines has deprived their stakeholders from knowing the actual financial position of the company. According to the stakeholder theory, it is the right of the stakeholders to know about the actual financial position of the company as the investors use to make the investment decisions based on the financial position of the company (Fassin 2012). Thus, it is required for Kingfisher Airlines to show all the necessary transactions in their financial statements in order to make their stakeh olders aware about the situation. The above discussion about stakeholder theory states that the executives of the companies are required to keep the interest of the company shareholders as well as the other stakeholders like suppliers, customers, employees and others. The selected article about Kingfisher Airlines states that the company has violated the transparency and integrity principles of CSR reporting with their specific action. The concept of stakeholder theory states that it is the ethical responsibility of the companies to keep the interest of their shareholders (Miles 2012). By this aspect, it can also be stated that the specific action of Kingfisher Airlines has violated the ethical principles of CSR. Thus, based on the above discussion, it can be said that the CSR related issues of Kingfisher Airlines could well be defined with the assistance of stakeholder theory. Conclusion and Recommendations From the above discussion, it can be observed that CSR has become an integral part of the business operations of the companies that is a major determinant of the financial performance of the companies. After that, the content of the selected article indicates towards the violation of transparency and integrity principles of CSR. In addition, it can also be seen that the violation in CSR principles has affected the financial position of the company. According to the above discussion, the GRI for CSR reporting has been suggested to Kingfisher Airlines for their CSR practices as the main components of GRI helps in the effective completion and reporting of various CSR initiatives. As per the above discussion, the major layers of GRI are sustainability reporting guidelines, indicator protocols, sector supplements and technical protocols. The above discussion also states that the current CSR related problem of Kingfisher Airlines could be analysed and evaluated with the help of Stakeholder s theory. According to this theory, it is required for the company executives to keep the interests of the stakeholders of their business. However, the analysis of the selected article states that Kingfisher Airlines has failed to keep the interest of their stakeholders by manipulating some major financial transactions. Some recommendations are provided based on the above discussion: It is recommended to the executives of Kingfisher Airlines that they need to adopt the principles and standards of GRI as a part of their CSR reporting initiatives as GRI will make them in reporting their CSR initiatives in more effective manner. It is recommended to the management of Kingfisher Airlines to follow the components of Stakeholders Theory, as this will make them effectively keep the interest of their business stakeholders. References Anikina, I.D. and Chekalkina, A.A., 2014. Using the stakeholders theory in the development of regional financial innovation strategy: harmonization or conflict of interests?. InThe first international conference on economics sciences(pp. 176-180). Arena, M. and Azzone, G., 2012. A process-based operational framework for sustainability reporting in SMEs.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,19(4), pp.669-686. Carroll, A.B., 2015. Corporate social responsibility.Organizational dynamics,44(2), pp.87-96. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), pp.1-23. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context. Fassin, Y., 2012. Stakeholder management, reciprocity and stakeholder responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,109(1), pp.83-96. Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S. and Ruiz, S., 2014. Effect of stakeholders pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.53-63. Fonseca, A., McAllister, M.L. and Fitzpatrick, P., 2014. Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, pp.70-83. Gibson, K., 2012. Stakeholders and sustainability: An evolving theory.Journal of Business Ethics,109(1), pp.15-25. Globalreporting.org. (2018).Orientation to the GRI Reporting Framework. [online] Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/information/g4/G3andG3-1/guidelines-online/G3Online/Pages/OrientationToTheGRIReportingFramework.aspx [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. Globalreporting.org. (2018).Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. [online] Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/G3.1-Guidelines-Incl-Technical-Protocol.pdf [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. India's Largest CSR Network. (2018).United Spirits Limited - a Case of Corporate Governance Failure? - India's Largest CSR Network. [online] Available at: https://indiacsr.in/united-spirits-limited-a-case-of-corporate-governance-failure/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. (This is the main article) Mainardes, E.W., Raposo, M. and Alves, H., 2012. Public university students' expectations: An empirical study based on the stakeholders theory.Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences,8(35), pp.173-196. Marshall, S.D. and Ramsay, I., 2012. Stakeholders and directors' duties: Law, theory and evidence. Miles, S., 2012. Stakeholder: Essentially contested or just confused?.Journal of Business Ethics,108(3), pp.285-298. Suliman, A.M., Al-Khatib, H.T. and Thomas, S.E., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and Investing in the Future, p.15. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), p.117. Toppinen, A., Li, N., Tuppura, A. and Xiong, Y., 2012. Corporate Responsibility and Strategic Groups in the Forest?based Industry: Exploratory Analysis based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Framework.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,19(4), pp.191-205